![]() With children, if at least 2 trained rescuers are present a ratio of 15:2 is preferred. CPR technique as demonstrated on a dummy StandardĪ universal compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 is recommended by the AHA. It is unclear if a few minutes of CPR before defibrillation results in different outcomes than immediate defibrillation. The most important aspect of CPR are: few interruptions of chest compressions, a sufficient speed and depth of compressions, completely relaxing pressure between compressions, and not ventilating too much. An exception to this recommendation is for those believed to be in a respiratory arrest (drowning, etc.). The order of interventions was changed for all age groups except newborns from airway, breathing, chest compressions (ABC) to chest compressions, airway, breathing (CAB). The importance of high quality CPR (sufficient rate and depth without excessively ventilating) was emphasized. In 2010, the American Heart Association and International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation updated their CPR guidelines. The most common injuries sustained from CPR are rib fractures and sternal fractures.ĬPR training: CPR is being administered while a second rescuer prepares for defibrillation.Pulmonary complications – pneumothorax, hemothorax, lung contusions.Damage to the abdominal viscus – lacerations of the liver and spleen, fat emboli.While CPR is a last resort intervention, without which a person without a pulse will all but certainly die, the physical nature of how CPR is performed does lead to complications that may need to be rectified. Studies have shown that immediate CPR followed by defibrillation within 3–5 minutes of sudden VF cardiac arrest dramatically improves survival. Used alone, CPR will result in few complete recoveries, though the outcome without CPR is almost uniformly fatal. Even in the case of a “non-shockable” rhythm, such as Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) where defibrillation is not indicated, effective CPR is no less important. EffectivenessĬPR serves as the foundation of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, preserving the body for defibrillation and advanced life support. Correcting the underlying cause such as a pneumothorax or pericardial tamponade may help. In those with cardiac arrest due to trauma, CPR is considered futile but still recommended. If a person still has a pulse but is not breathing (respiratory arrest) artificial respirations may be more appropriate, but, due to the difficulty people have in accurately assessing the presence or absence of a pulse, CPR guidelines recommend that lay persons should not be instructed to check the pulse, while giving healthcare professionals the option to check a pulse. Breathing only in occasional agonal gasps, as it is most likely that they are in cardiac arrest.Any person unresponsive with no breathing or.In general, CPR is continued until the person has a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or is declared dead. CPR may succeed in inducing a heart rhythm that may be shockable. Defibrillation is effective only for certain heart rhythms, namely ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, rather than asystole orpulseless electrical activity. Administration of an electric shock to the subject’s heart, termed defibrillation, is usually needed in order to restore a viable or “perfusing” heart rhythm. The objective is to delay tissue death and to extend the brief window of opportunity for a successful resuscitation without permanent brain damage. Its main purpose is to restore partial flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart. This process of externally providing ventilation is termed artificial respiration.ĬPR alone is unlikely to restart the heart. ![]() The rescuer may also provide breaths by either exhaling into the subject’s mouth or nose or using a device that pushes air into the subject’s lungs. It is indicated in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing.Īccording to the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation guidelines, CPR involves chest compressions for adults between 5 cm (2.0 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in) deep and at a rate of at least 100 to 120 per minute. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, commonly known as CPR, is an emergency procedure performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
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